Eurostat: Greece records fiscal surplus in 2025

At the same time, public debt in the euro area rose to 87.8% of GDP at the end of 2025, up from 87% in 2024. Across the EU, public debt increased to 81.7% of GDP from 80.7%, respectively, according to data from Eurostat.

In 2025, only Cyprus (+3.4%), Denmark (+2.9%), Ireland (+1.8%), Greece (+1.7%) and Portugal (+0.7%) recorded fiscal surpluses. All other EU Member States posted fiscal deficits, with the highest recorded in Romania (-7.9%), Poland (-7.3%), Belgium (-5.2%) and France (-5.1%). Eleven Member States registered deficits equal to or exceeding the 3% of GDP threshold.

With regard to public debt, twelve Member States recorded levels above 60% of GDP in 2025. The highest debt ratios were observed in Greece (146.1% of GDP), Italy (137.1%), France (115.6%), Belgium (107.9%) and Spain (100.7%). The lowest levels were recorded in Estonia (24.1%), Luxembourg (26.5%), Denmark (27.9%), Bulgaria (29.9%), Ireland (32.9%), Sweden (35.1%) and Lithuania (39.5%).

Focusing on Greece, the Eurostat data show that the general government recorded a fiscal surplus of €4.29 billion in 2025, equivalent to 1.7% of GDP. Based on the same data, Greek GDP reached €248.354 billion in 2025, up from €236.736 billion in 2024. General government gross consolidated debt, in nominal terms at the end of 2025, is estimated at €362.9 billion, or 146.1% of GDP.